Stress, as defined by Dr. Hans Selye, is "the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it." More specifically, stress is defined by perception. If a person finds a job situation, or another personality particularly stressful, the feeling often will trigger a physiological response. On the other hand, studies have shown that when a job situation or another personality stimulate feelings of challenge or a positive reaction, these same physiological reactions do not occur. Therefore, when we talk about stress in relation to disease, we are looking at the more negative stress.
Physiological responses to stress include an increase in heart rate, an increase in blood pressure, and an increased rate of breathing. These symptoms are caused by the release of adrenaline, which also narrows your arteries, and results in a greater workload on the heart. If you are unable to control your stress, you may be at risk for high blood pressure and possibly injury to your artery walls which sets the stage for plaque deposits. Negative stress is a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease.
Stress management is a learning process. First, you need to identify the particular cause of your stress. Second, you need to take steps to change those circumstances that are stressful whenever possible. Third, you need to relearn ways to cope with stress in your everyday life. The following are a few suggestions for coping with stress:
Do not waste energy being upset over little things. Remember that stress is our reaction to situations, not the situation itself. Often it helps to talk it out and get a different perspective of the situation while at the same time venting your concerns.
Escape from the stress for a period of time. Exercise, taking a walk before lunch to get rid of the morning's frustrations or taking a walk after work to help unwind, can be very helpful to reduce your stress.
Beware of the super-person urges. Set priorities, establish realistic goals and stop trying to do too much.
Take time to relax daily whether you learn relaxation techniques or just take time out for a favorite hobby.
Take it easy with criticism or arguments. Stand your ground on what you believe is right, but make allowances for the other party. Search for the "positives" of an argument, of a critical person, as well as your own positive qualities.
Finally, if stress seems out of control, discuss it further with your doctor or health care professional. They may be able to direct you to other sources for help such as support groups or professionals trained in stress management